BUTTERFLY VOICE

BUTTERFLIES

Butterflies are beautiful, flying insects with large scaly wings. Like all insects, they have six joined legs, 3 body parts , a pair of antennae, compound eyes ,and an exoskeleton. The three body parts are the head, thorax  , and abdomn . It is scientifically classified .It’s kingdom is animalia , phylum is arthropoda , class is insecta , order is Lepidoptera , and sub order is rhopalocera.

Life cycle

The first stage : The egg

A butterfly starts life as a very small , round , oval or cylindrical eggs , especially monarch butterfly monarch butterfly  eggs ,is that if you look close enough you can actually see the tiny caterpillar growing inside of it Some butterfly eggs may be round, some oval and some may be ribbed while others may have other  features. The egg shape depends on the type of butterfly that laid the egg.

The second stage: The larva

                Butterfly larvae are actually what we call caterpillars. Caterpillars do not stay in this stage for very long and mostly, in this stage all they do is eat. When the egg hatches, the caterpillar will start his work and eat the leaf they were bone onto. This is really important because the mother butterfly needs to lay her eggs on the type of leaf the caterpillar will eat-each caterpillar type likes only certain types of leaves. Since they are tiny and cannot travel to a new plant, the caterpillar needs to hatch on the kind of leaf it wants to eat.

 The third stage: pupa 

                The pupa stage is one of the coolest stages of a butterfly’s life. As soon as a caterpillar is done growing and they have reached their fully length/weight, they form themselves in to a pupa, also known as a chrysalis. From the outside of the pupa, it looks as if the caterpillar may just be resting, but the inside is where all of the action is. Inside of the pupa, the caterpillar is rapidly changing.

The fourth stage: Adult butterfly 

                Finally, when the caterpillar has done all of its forming and changing inside pupa, if you are lucky, you will get to see an adult butterfly emerge. When the butterfly first emerges from chrysalis, both of the wings are going to be soft and folded against its body. This is because the butterfly had to fit all its new parts inside of the pupa.

              

Dewey's profile

JOHN DEWEY(1859--1952)



       Introduction

                     Many great educators have contributed in the past to the development of educational ideas ideals and ideologies . The super structure of present day education rest on the firm foundations laid by those great personalities. It is a quite relevant to discuss educational ideas of some of the great educators so that the perspective teacher can develop deeper insight in to many of the educational issues from a pedagogue's point view.so here we can observe the contribution of John Dewey in philosophy.

 

Life sketch

 

               John Dewey was born in Vermount in New England. He was the son of a shopkeeper and was  brought up in a rural environment. In 1879 he finished his graduation and become a teacher. He took Ph .D in philosophy from the University of Hopkins .Then he worked as a staff of the Universities of Michigan and Chicago. Later he was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the Columbia University. He taught educational philosophy for two years in the universities at Peaking and Tokyo. He used to experiment on educational problems by instituting experimental schools. These schools made him world famous. All  his theories were tested in these schools. His ideas on education were modified and clarified in the light of practical experiences gained from the schools.

 

Transfer process

 

THE PROCESS OF TRANSFER OF LEARNING 

TRANSFER OF LEARNING

INTRODUCTION

     As a person all of us interfere  in household works , agriculture, office field, computer application, industrial field, educational field etc. Here the day to- day life performance are often influenced by our previous experience of learning and training. It may happen every field the  man or animal who interfere .So there should have the detailed study in this field. Let us examine more information about in this area. 

WHAT IS TRANSFER OF LEARNING OR TRAINING ?

    The learning or training in one situation influence the learning or performance in some other situation is called transfer of learning . In other words the influence is usually carry over from one task to another.

 For example :

    The learning of addition and subtraction help a child in learning multiplication and division.

    Learning of mathematics helps in solving numerical problems in physics.

     If one has learned to play tennis one find it easier to learn playing badminton.


DEFINITIONS OF TRANSFER OF LEARNING

    '' The carry -  over of habits of thinking , feeling or working of knowledge or of skills , from learning area to another usually is referred to as the transfer of learning.''

Crow and Crow

     " Transfer refers to the transfer of knowledge , training and habits acquired in one situation to another situation''.

Sorenson

   '' Transfer of learning occurs when a person's learning in one situation influences his learning and performance in other situations.''

Bigge

 TYPES OF TRANSFER OF LEARNING

    There are three types of transfer depending on the learning situations faced by the learner. They are

1.Positive transfer 

2.Negative transfer

3.Zero transfer       



1.Positive transfer

     When learning in one situation facilitate learning in another situation ,it is known as positive transfer.

    For example, Skills in playing violin facilitate  learning to play piano. Knowledge of mathematics facilitate to learn physics in better way. Driving a scooter facilitate driving a motor bike.

2.Negative transfer

    When learning of one task makes the learning of another task harder - it is known as negative transfer.

    For example , Speaking Teluge hindering the learning of Malayalam. Left hand drive vehicles hindering the learning of right hand drive.

3. Zero transfer

    When learning of one activity neither  facilitates  nor hinders the learning of another task, it is a case of neutral or zero transfer.

    For example , Knowledge of history in no way affects learning of driving a car or a scooter.